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Bitcoin is an experimental property transfer and verification system based on a peer-to-peer network with no central authority.
The initial application and the main innovation of the Bitcoin network is a decentralized digital currency system whose unit of account is bitcoin.
Bitcoin works with software and a protocol that allows participants to issue bitcoins and manage transactions collectively and automatically. As a free protocol (open source code), it also allows interoperability of software and services that use it. As a currency bitcoin is both a payment intermediary and a store of value.
Bitcoin is designed to self-regulate. The limited inflation of the Bitcoin system is distributed evenly by computing power across the network, and will be limited to 21 million units divisible up to the eighth decimal place. The smooth functioning of the exchanges is guaranteed by a general organization that everyone can examine, because everything is public: the basic protocols, the cryptographic algorithms used, the programs making them operational, the data of the accounts and the debates of the developers.
The possession of bitcoins is materialized by a series of numbers and letters which constitute a virtual key allowing the expense of the bitcoins associated with it on the register. A person can hold several keys in a "Bitcoin Wallet", a "key ring" web, software or hardware that allows access to the network to perform transactions. The keychain is used to view the balance in bitcoins and public keys intended to receive payments. It also contains (often encrypted) the private keys associated with these public keys. These private keys must remain secret because their holder can spend bitcoins associated with them on the registry. Any media (keyring) is suitable to keep the following symbols constituting your keychain: paper, USB key, memory, etc. With the right software, you can manage your assets on your computer or phone.
Today, all cryptocurrencies are alternative currencies because they do not have legal tender in any country (ie backed by a state).
Cryptocurrencies use a validation system (eg proof of work) to protect them from electronic counterfeiting. Many cryptocurrencies have been developed since the first full implementation was bitcoin1,3,6,7,8,9,10, introduced in 2009.
With few exceptions, the majority of cryptocurrencies are designed so that the creation of new money units is gradual, while placing, for most of them, a ceiling (a maximum amount) on the money supply that will ultimately be in circulation. . This is done in order to mimic the rarity (and value) of precious metals and to avoid hyperinflation11.
Compared to ordinary currencies maintained by financial institutions or kept in cash, cryptocurrencies are managed by a large account book open and viewable by all (the blockchain) which lists all transactions since the origin.
A cryptocurrency is therefore not hidden insofar as any transaction is searchable on the Internet with mention of the e-mail address of the issuer and receiver accounts as well as the amount of the transaction. However, these transactions are in principle unfalsifiable and inviolable, thanks to the intensive use of cryptography (fallible via a 51% attack). Note that there are exceptions to the rule of anonymity, such as Darkcoin12, Zerocoin13,14,15,16, Bytecoin [ref. necessary] and the Black Coin [ref. necessary].